I am not sure why my 2018 refund was different than 2017?


Did you see your 2018 tax return different than 2017? Did you receive less refund in 2018 than 2017? This might be explained by the changes in new tax law that was passed in December 2017 by United States Congress called Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA). Understanding tax can be difficult for many tax payers, particularly when there is new tax law enacted is less than two years old infant. This law changed many provisions for individual tax payers. Interesting fact about TCJA is, individual changes are temporary and will reverse back to 2017 tax year rule after year 2026 but corporate tax rates changes are permanent.

So what changes TCJA brought to my tax return?
There are many changes but let’s talk about some of the major ones that might impact majority of tax payers and this might have something to do with your 2018 refund amount being different than 2017: 

Standard deductions almost doubled:
This is good news for most of the tax payers who used to take standard deductions. New standard deductions for single filer is $12,000 and $24,000 for married filing jointly. If you qualify for head of household, you get $18,000 standard deductions.

Personal Exemptions:
This is bad news for most parents with kids. Each person in the tax return used to get little more than $4,000 deductions against your taxable income. Since this deduction is discontinued until 2026, if you have two kids and parents, you lost about $16,000 deductions.

Child and dependent Tax Credits:
This is good news for most parents with kids under the age of 16. You can get up to $2,000 child tax credit per dependent child. This credit helps to offset your tax bill directly. So, this is good to reduce your tax liability. Not only your children, if you have any qualified dependents such as your aged mom or mother-in-law, you get $500 dependent credit that will also help to upset your tax liability.

Qualified Business Income Deductions (QBI):
This is good news for people who have side gig together with their regular job or just run small businesses. This provision gives you about 20% qualified deductions on your taxable income. This deduction is not straight forward. There are limitations attached to it. So, if you are not tax expert, leave this to your CPA or tax payers or the tax software will guide you through series of questions for you to complete this deduction.

SALT Cap on deductions:
SALT stands for States and Local Taxes. This covers all state income taxes, local income taxes and property taxes. If you live in one of the states where you pay high sales and local taxes, TCJA might be bad news for you. I had lots of customers in 2018 who had way less itemized deductions due to these limitations. You can only deduct up to $10,000 of your states and local taxes. These deductions are part of your itemized deductions. Due to these limitations, if you live in states like New York and California, your taxable income is way higher now than in 2017 and before.

Moving Expenses:
This is bad news for employees who must pay moving expenses on their own. Moving expenses deductions are discontinued until 2026 for most of the tax payers other than military members who are ordered to move to a new permanent station.

Miscellaneous deductions subject to the 2% limit:
If you used to take job related deductions to reduce your taxable income, this has been discontinued. This includes all job-related expenses such as union dues, employee home office expenses, tools for your job etc.

References/Further info:
If you would like more information about these changes, feel free to refer to the following resources:


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